L’article trace quelques évolutions de l’institution du « vœu » (neder) dans la littérature biblique et rabbinique (période de l’antiquité et l’antiquité tardive). Du point de vue du système politique patriarcal imaginé par les auteurs bibliques et rabbinique, cette institution est risquée : elle permet aussi à la femme de transformer sa parole en une loi, et mettre ainsi en question la domination masculine. Ce n’est donc pas un hasard si la plus grande partie et du discours biblique et rabbinique (...) sur le neder est consacrée aux femmes et à la question de savoir comment on peut maîtriser et manipuler leurs vœux. (shrink)

L’article trace quelques évolutions de l’institution du « vœu » (neder) dans la littérature biblique et rabbinique (période de l’antiquité et l’antiquité tardive). Du point de vue du système politique patriarcal imaginé par les auteurs bibliques et rabbinique, cette institution est risquée : elle permet aussi à la femme de transformer sa parole en une loi, et mettre ainsi en question la domination masculine. Ce n’est donc pas un hasard si la plus grande partie et du discours biblique et rabbinique (...) sur le neder est consacrée aux femmes et à la question de savoir comment on peut maîtriser et manipuler leurs vœux. (shrink)

BOOK REVIEW (by Larise du Plessis, with reply by Author) Ron Dultz (2007). Who Are We? Reseda, CA: Ron Dultz Publishing Soft Cover (174 pages) ISBN 10: 0-615-16088-7 & ISBN 13: 978-0-615-16088-7 Cost: USA $12.00.

En confrontant la dialectique hégélienne et la dialectique hamelinienne sur le rapport du nombre à la suite des notions et des concepts, nous poursuivons un triple dessein, que nous nous permettrons d'indiquer de façon très schématique. Nous voudrions: 1 ° contribuer à dégager l'histoire de la philosophie de considérations strictement érudites ou herméneutiques, qui tournent indéfiniment en rond sur elles-mêmes à l'intérieur d'un même auteur pris pour prétexte; car en établissant un dialogue entre philosophes nous mettons en relief leur philosophie, (...) parce que nous rétablissons l'ordination de cette dernière à son objet, la vérité, et en l'occurrence nous pratique-rons — selon notre mesure — une méthode dont Hegel lui-même, pour ne rien dire d'Hamelin, a donné un magistral exemple; 2° mon-trer qu'une pensée dialectique a des ressources propres non seulement pour le traitement des catégories en général, mais aussi pour celui des catégories logico-mathématiques fondamentales, et en particulier à l'endroit du concept qui a suscité à la fin du siècle dernier, on le sait, la rénovation des mathématiques et de la logique; car Hegel et Hamelin peuvent nous apprendre sur le nombre ce qu'on trouverait difficilement chez Frege, Russell ou Peano: le rapport du nombre aux autres catégories de la pensée; 3° montrer réciproquement que la philosophie du nombre constitue une pièce essentielle dans les deux dialectiques, dont elle exprime pour une large part la divergence, puisqu'elle installe celle d'Hamelin dans le fini, tandis qu'elle confirme l'orientation de celle de Hegel vers l'infini. (shrink)

En ce moment propice aux débats sur la Constitution, la souveraineté du peuple, la démocratie directe, cet essai veut donner un aperçu historique, politique et philosophique du problème, à partir d'une seule idée directrice repensée dans la perspective de la "théorie mimétique" de René Girard : l'opposition établie par Giovanni Lobrano entre le "modèle ancien ou romain", seul vrai modèle républicain, et le "modèle moderne ou germano-anglais", d'origine féodale.

"Les Dieux n'étant plus, et le Christ n'étant pas encore, il y a eu, de Cicéron à Marc Aurèle, un moment unique où l'homme seul a été". Ainsi Flaubert s'adresse en 1861 à l'une de ses correspondantes. L'homme aurait-il vécu "sans dieu", à un moment privilégié de ce que nous appelons l'Empire romain? Une telle hypothèse est-elle recevable? Notre ouvrage traite ces problèmes, à la lumière des recherches historiques récentes, et à l'examen des textes concernés. Il est l'occasion de reconsidérer (...) notre vision du monde romain. L'avènement du christianisme était-il nécessairement inscrit dans l'évolution d'une société soi-disant décadente? Ou bien une voie pour l'athéisme était-elle tracée, préfigurant l'humanisme laïc contemporain, mais livrant l'homme "seul" à ses démons? Des questions qui valent aussi pour notre temps. (shrink)

1. Sŏron -- 2. Ŭisik ŭi chonggyojŏk ch'ŭngmyŏn -- 3. Yŏng : Chŏng Yag-yong ŭi simnon -- 4. Yŏngch'e : Chŏng Yag-yong ŭi insŏngnon -- 5. 'Yŏngch'e' insŏngnon esŏ pon ch'ŏnin kwan'gye -- 6. Kyŏllon.

Botha, PJ - Deist, FE Le Roux, JH 1987. Revolution and reinterpretation: Chapters from the history of Israel. (Bladsy 201)Geyser, PA - De Villiers, PGR 1987. Liberation theology and the Bible. (Bladsy 203)Naudé, RM - Kriel, JR 1988. Removing medicine’s cartesian mask: The problem of humanising medical education. (Bladsy 206)Stander, HF - Ferguson, E 1987. Backgrounds of early Christianity. (Bladsy 207)Stander, HF - Durst, M 1987. Die Eschatologie des Hilarius von Poitiers: Ein Beitrag zur Dogmengeschichte des vierten Jahrliunderts. (Bladsy 209)Storm, (...) JMG - Loubser, JA 1987. The apartheid Bible. A critical review of racial theology in South Africa. (Bladsy 212)Van der Merwe, PJ - Krüger, JS 1988. Aandag, kalmte en insig. (Bladsy 215)Van der Merwe, JC - Van der Walt, BJ 1988. My roeping as Christenjongmens in die huidige Suid-Afrika. (Bladsy 217)Van der Westhuizen, HG - Van Houten, RL 1988. The Message of Harare. (Bladsy 222)Van der Westhuizen, HG - Du Preez, J 1988. Die aantrekkingskrag van die Marxisme vir die Derde Wereld. (Bladsy 225)Van Staden, AJ - Algemene Kommissie vir die Diens van Barmhartigheid van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk 1986. Die diakonaat en die alkohol- en dwelmaflianklike. (Bladsy 227). (shrink)

ZusammenfassungIn einem typenfreien formalen System, das widerspruchsfrei ist und alle Begriffe der klassischen Mathematik darzustellen vermag, können nicht alle Gesetze der klassischen Aussagenlogik gelten. Es entsteht daher das Problem, die aussagenlogischen Eigenschaften formaler Systeme allgemein zu untersuchen. Unter gewissen Voraussetzungen in aussagenlogischer Hinsicht wird die « aussagenlogische Vollständigkeit » und die « aussagenlogische Widerspruchsfreiheit » eines formalen Systems durch das Tertium non datur beziehungsweise durch die Schlussregel des Ex falso quodlibet charakterisiert. Es werden Entscheidungsverfahren für diejenigen syntaktischen Schlussregeln entwickelt, die (...) unter den vorliegenden aussagenlogischen Voraus‐setzungen in jedem formalen System beziehungsweise in jedem aussagen‐logisch vollständigen formalen System beziehungsweise in jedem aussagen‐logisch widerspruchsfreien formalen System gelten.RésuméDans un système formel sans types sans contradictions et qui pent représenter toutes les notions des mathkmatiques classiques, toutes les lois de la logiqrie propositionelle classique ne peuvent pas êvalables. C'est de là que s'ensuit le problème de discuter généralement les propriétés des systèmes formels en ce qu'elles concernent la logique des propositions. Sous certaines suppositions à I'Cgard des expressions propositionelles le « complet propositionel » et la « non‐contradiction propositionelle » se caractérisent par le tertium non datur ou plutôt par la rkgle d'inférence du ex falso quodlibet. On développe des méthodes de décision pour ces règles d'inférence syntactiques qui sont valables dans chaque système formel sous les suppositions données et pour ces régles d'inférence qui sont valables dans chaque système complet ou consistarit au point de vue de la logiqire des propositions.In a formal system without types which contains no contradictions and is able to represent all notions of classical mathematics, all the laws of classical propositional calculus cannot be valid. From this fact ensues the problem generally to explore the properties of formal systems from the point of view of the propositional calculus. Under certain assumptions conrerninq the propositional expressions the « propositional completeness » and the « propositional consistency » of a formal system is characterized through the tertium Ron datur, respectively through the inference rule of the ex falso quodlibet. There are decision procedures for the syntactical inference rules which in every formal system are valid under the given assumptions and for the syntactical inference rules of every formal system which is complete or consistent with respect to the propositional calculus. (shrink)

volume 1. L'héritage et le débat contemporain: I, L'héritage: Formes platoniciennes et universel suarézien -- Cicéron et Suárez : les métamorphoses du droit naturel : enjeux éthiques et politiques -- Sénèque et Suárez : le bien, principe et fin de l'existence? -- Statut ontologique et politique de l'individu chez Suárez : la persistance de la trace de l'héritage d'Occam dans la modernité -- Paix et pouvoir chez Marsile de Padoue et Suárez : les enjeux d'un débat furtif et pourtant décisif (...) sur le théologico-politique -- Alphonse de Madrigal, Thomas More et Suárez : la question des limites du possible en politique -- Machiavel/Suárez ou une rencontre inattendue-attendue -- II, Le débat contemporain: Loi naturelle et humanité chez Domingo de Soto et Suárez -- Cervantès et Suárez : incarnation de l'âme et spiritualisation du corps : l'humain en débat -- Suárez, El Greco (1541-1614), Zurbarán (1598-1664) et Velázquez (1599-1660) : l'art et la perfection du sensible : un prolongement inattendu de la métaphysique par d'autres moyens -- Suárez et Diego Mas (1533-1608) : la métaphysique restituée à elle-même par le renouvellement de la compréhension de l'étant -- Suárez et Diego de Zúñiga : l'étant, objet de la métaphysique, à quel titre. (shrink)

Notre rapport à l'altérité dépend parfois de la manière dont nous représentons l'Autre et de la façon dont cet Autre nous représente. Plus même : notre identité est, souvent, conditionnée par l'identité de l'Autre. "Si le Juif n'existait pas, disait Sartre, l'antisémite l'inventerait." C'est parce que l'antisémite n'existerait pas s'il n'y avait pas de juif. De la même façon, s'il n'y avait pas de "blanc", la littérature n'aurait jamais eu droit au concept de la négritude. Qui est l'Autre? Comment l'Autre (...) nous représente? Comment nous représentons cet Autre? Comment la femme est représentée par l'homme? Le croyant par l'athée? Une civilisation par les intellectuels d'une autre civilisation? Une minorité par la composante majoritaire d'une même nation? Ces regards croisés influent-ils sur nos identités individuelles et collectives? C'est pour répondre à ce genre de questions qu'est né le projet de publier cet ouvrage collectif, où les différentes spécialités sont affrontées, pour mettre en évidence la manière dont l'altérité est, ou pourrait être, pensée dans ce contexte où des prophètes du malheur chantent les gloires d'un choc des civilisations et des cultures qui, nous l'espérons, n'aurait jamais lieu."--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

One of the central debates in the philosophy of language is that between defenders of the causal-historical and descriptivist theories of reference. Most philosophers involved in the debate support one or the other of the theories. Building on recent experimental work in semantics, we argue that there is a sense in which both theories are correct. In particular, we defend the view that natural kind terms can sometimes take on a causal-historical reading and at other times take on a descriptivist (...) reading. The meaning will shift depending on the conversational setting. The theoretical view has roots in work by Kitcher. We present some original experiments that support the thesis. (shrink)

Corruption involves greed, money, and risky decision-making. We explore the love of money, pay satisfaction, probability of risk, and dishonesty across cultures. Avaricious monetary aspiration breeds unethicality. Prospect theory frames decisions in the gains-losses domain and high-low probability. Pay dissatisfaction (in the losses domain) incites dishonesty in the name of justice at the individual level. The Corruption Perceptions Index, CPI, signals a high-low probability of getting caught for dishonesty at the country level. We theorize that decision-makers adopt avaricious love-of-money aspiration (...) as a lens and frame dishonesty in the gains-losses domain (pay satisfaction-dissatisfaction, Level 1) and high-low probability (CPI, Level 2) to maximize expected utility and ultimate serenity. We challenge the myth: Pay satisfaction mitigates dishonesty across nations consistently. Based on 6500 managers in 32 countries, our cross-level three-dimensional visualization offers the following discoveries. Under high aspiration conditions, pay dissatisfaction excites the highest- (third-highest) avaricious justice-seeking dishonesty in high (medium) CPI nations, supporting the certainty effect. However, pay satisfaction provokes the second-highest avaricious opportunity-seizing dishonesty in low CPI entities, sustaining the possibility effect—maximizing expected utility. Under low aspiration conditions, high pay satisfaction consistently leads to low dishonesty, demonstrating risk aversion—achieving ultimate serenity. We expand prospect theory from a micro and individual-level theory to a cross-level theory of monetary wisdom across 32 nations. We enhance the S-shaped Curve to three 3-D corruption surfaces across three levels of the global economic pyramid, providing novel insights into behavioral economics, business ethics, the environment, and responsibility. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Dance requires optimal range-of-motion and cognitive abilities. Mental imagery is a recommended, yet under-researched, training method for enhancing both of these. This study investigated the effect of Dynamic Neuro-Cognitive Imagery (DNI™) training on developpé performance (measured by gesturing ankle height and self-reported observations) and kinematics (measured by hip and pelvic range-of-motion), as well as on dance imagery abilities. Thirty-four university-level dance students (M age = 19.70 + 1.57) were measured performing three developpé tasks (i.e., 4 repetitions, 8 consecutive seconds (...) hold, and single repetition) at three time-points (2 x pre-, 1 x post-intervention). Data were collected using three-dimensional motion capture, mental imagery questionnaires, and subjective reports. Following the DNI™ intervention, significant increases (p <.01) were detected in gesturing ankle height, as well as in hip flexion and abduction range-of-motion, without significant changes in pelvic alignment. These gains were accompanied by self-reported decrease (p <.05) in level of difficulty experienced and significant improvements in kinesthetic (p <.05) and dance (p <.01) imagery abilities. This study provides evidence for the motor and non-motor benefits of DNI™ training in university-level dance students. (shrink)

Some psychologists aim to secure a role for psychological explanations in understanding contemporary social disparities, a concern that plays out in debates over the relevance of the Implicit Association Test. Meta-analysts disagree about the predictive validity of the IAT and about the importance of implicit attitudes in explaining racial disparities. Here, I use the IAT to articulate and explore one route to establishing the relevance of psychological attitudes with small effects: an appeal to a process of “accumulation” that aggregates small (...) effects into large harms. After characterizing mechanisms of accumulation and considering some candidate examples, I argue that such mechanisms suggest how a contemporary attitude with small effects could figure in the explanation of large disparities, but they do not vindicate the importance of such an attitude since such mechanisms are typically also determined by competing causes. I close by sketching several strategies for advancing a defense of the relevance of attitudes with small effects. (shrink)

In this essay I explore the notion of philosophy as a way of life as a recovery pathway for individuals in addiction recovery. My hypothesis is that philosophy as a way of life can be a compelling, and legitimate recovery pathway for individuals in addiction recovery, as one of many recovery pathways. I will focus on logic-based therapy applied in the context of addiction recovery. The aim of presenting a case study is to show how a client receiving LBT is (...) provided with techniques and a worldview that can contribute to a philosophically oriented recovery program. In the case study the client was advised to apply the moral philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche as an uplifting philosophical framework to counteract his unproductive worldview and fallacious thinking. Considering that there is an ostensibly low efficacy rate for the treatment of addiction, articulating the value of philosophy as a way of life as a recovery pathway provides a conceptual and methodological framework for the development of novel philosophically-based addiction treatment and recovery-oriented programs—thus expanding the treatment and recovery options available for those seeking recovery from addiction. (shrink)

China’s historical mixed-ownership reform (the Reform) has prioritized enhancing the efficiency and financial performance of its large state-owned enterprises (SOEs) through introduction of partial private-sector equity ownership. However, the presence of a significant gap between China’s private enterprises’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and those of its SOEs suggests potential for Reform-related ownership changes to negatively impact economy-wide CSR performance. We therefore examine the Reform’s impact on private acquirer firms’ CSR practices. We use a proprietary data set of firms listed (...) on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, covering the 2011–2015 period. Our findings identify that private firms can enhance their economic and political status through acquiring equity in state-controlled or SOEs and, following this, improve their CSR practices. Our findings have policy implications in the context of the world’s largest emerging market and, more generally, for SOE ownership reform in emerging and transition economies. (shrink)

Research evidencing the consequences of the experience of ‘calling’ have multiplied in recent years. At the same time, concerns have been expressed about the conceptual coherence of the notion as studies have posited a wide variety of senses in which both workers and scholars understand what it means for workers to be called, what they are called to do and who is doing the ‘calling’. This paper makes both conceptual and empirical contributions to the field. We argue that Bellah et (...) al.’s (Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life, University of California Press, 1996) contrast between tradition-based and expressivist understandings of ‘calling’ highlights a fundamental but neglected fissure in the literature. Expressivist accounts amongst both scholars and research participants require only that ‘calling’ be deeply felt by those who experience it. However, tradition-based accounts require an external caller. Exemplifying this, workers who attest to a divine call and scholars who write about ‘calling’ in the context of particular Christian traditions understand ‘calling’ in terms of a relationship with God. These accounts cannot but be in radical tension. We suggest that this conceptual confusion can be understood in terms of MacIntyre’s notion of ‘tradition-constituted rationality.’ The implications of this argument for practice are evidenced in our report of a study of adherents to one such tradition, workers at a Christian organization that supports people in poverty. Through in-depth interviews with long-term volunteers, we seek to assess if tradition-based ‘calling’ can be evidenced in unpaid work for the lack of pay and career progression opportunities strongly suggest the presence of ‘calling.’ This study demonstrates that even in the context of work that exhibits duty and altruism associated with expressivist accounts of ‘calling,’ these workers’ understanding of the relationships between themselves, their clients and Jesus Christ dominate their work choices. It is the meaning derived from a divine caller, understood in terms of Christian tradition, that accounts for their decision to begin and to continue this work. (shrink)

This paper proposes a revision of our understanding of causation that is designed to address what Hartry Field has suggested is the central problem in the metaphysics of causation today: reconciling Bertrand Russell’s arguments that the concept of causation can play no role in the advanced sciences with Nancy Cartwright’s arguments that causal concepts are essential to a scientific understanding of the world. The paper shows that Russell’s main argument is, ironically, very similar to an argument that Cartwright has put (...) forward against the truth of universal laws of nature. The paper uses this insight to develop an account of causation that does justice to traditional views yet avoids the arguments of Russell. (shrink)

A recording or performance of a song is a cover if there is an earlier, canonical recording of the song. It can seem intuitive to think that properly appreciating a cover requires considering it in relation to the original, or at least that doing so will yield a deeper appreciation. This intuition is supported by some philosophical accounts of covers. And it is complicated by the possibility of hearing in, whereby one hears elements of the original version in the cover. (...) We argue that it can nevertheless be just as legitimate to consider a cover version on its own as it is to consider it in relation to the earlier recording that it is covering. In some cases, these two modes of appreciation will offer distinct rewards. In other cases, one mode will be substantially more rewarding than the other. The details matter, especially in complicated cases like covers of covers, but neither mode is privileged in principle. (shrink)

Since the publication of Alasdair MacIntyre’s After Virtue in 1981, tensions inherent to the relationship between morally educative practices and the institutions that house them have been widely noted. We propose a taxonomy of the ways in which the pursuit of external goods by institutions undermines the pursuit of the internal goods of practices. These comprise substitution, where the institution replaces the pursuit of one type of good by another; frustration, where opportunities for practitioners to discover goods or develop new (...) standards of excellence are frustrated by institutional priorities and resource allocation; and injustice, which undermines the integrity of relationships within the organization and/or with partners. These threats, though analytically distinct, are often mutually reinforcing. This conceptual contribution is illustrated both by the extant literature and by a novel context, the three-ring circus. (shrink)

In this book Ron Amundson examines two hundred years of scientific views on the evolution-development relationship from the perspective of evolutionary developmental biology. This perspective challenges several popular views about the history of evolutionary thought by claiming that many earlier authors had made history come out right for the Evolutionary Synthesis. The book starts with a revised history of nineteenth-century evolutionary thought. It then investigates how development became irrelevant with the Evolutionary Synthesis. It concludes with an examination of the contrasts (...) that persist between mainstream evolutionary theory and evo-devo. This book will appeal to students and professionals in the philosophy and history of science, and biology. (shrink)

Ron Mallon explores how thinking and talking about kinds of person can bring those kinds into being. He considers what normative implications this social constructionism has for our understanding of our practices of representing human kinds, like race, gender, and sexual orientation, and for our own agency.

Using the original information from the identification cards of CEOs and signing auditors to hand-collect the data on CEO–auditor dialect connectedness (_CADC_), we examine the effect of _CADC_ on audit opinion shopping (_AOS_), and further investigate the moderating effect of auditor reputation. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms during the period of 2007–2019, our findings reveal that the likelihood of _AOS_ is significantly higher for firms with _CADC_ than for their counterparts. This finding suggests that _CADC_ impairs auditor independence (...) and triggers _AOS_. Moreover, the effect of _CADC_ on _AOS_ is less pronounced for _BIG10_-audited firms than for non-_BIG10_-audited firms, implying that auditor reputation attenuates the relation between _CADC_ and _AOS_. Furthermore, the above findings are robust to alternative proxies for _CADC_ and _AOS_, and our conclusions are still valid after using the Heckman two-stage regressions, the propensity score matching approach, the change model method and the regression discontinuity design to control for the endogeneity issue. Lastly, the impact of _CADC_ on _AOS_ stands only for engagement auditors, but not for review auditors. Overall, our study enriches the existing literature on _AOS_ and auditor independence. (shrink)